Herpes simplex (HSV) is a viral infection that is commonly referred to as cold sores or fever blisters. It is a recurrent condition that presents with localised blisters on a red base.
Transmission
HSV is transmitted by direct or indirect contact with someone with active herpes simplex, which is infectious for 7–12 days.
Clinical features
Itching or burning is followed by a cluster of small, closely grouped, vesicles on a red base that normally heal within a week. HSV can be confirmed by a viral swab taken from fresh vesicles.
Erythema multiforme, characterised by target lesions, is a known complication
Recurrences can be triggered by:
- Skin trauma, surgery or procedures
- Sun exposure
- Pre-menstruation
- Emotional stress
- Cold and flu
Prevention and treatment
- Sun protection
- Continuous use of antiviral drugs as prevention
- Mild uncomplicated eruptions require no treatment
- Oral antiviral drugs can be used to shorten attacks
